The nose knows! Can dogs smell epileptic seizures before they happen?

Belfast, UK - Man's best friend can not only fend off burglars, herd farm animals, or sniff out bombs and drugs, but they can also predict epileptic seizures, according to researchers at Queen's University Belfast (QUB).

New research confirms that dogs can sniff out and sense impending seizures.
New research confirms that dogs can sniff out and sense impending seizures.  © 123RF/ thesupe87

Seizures "are associated with a specific smell which is detectable by pet dogs," a university-led research team in Northern Ireland said.

Anecdotes around behavioral changes in dogs suggest they can sense impending seizures, but no scientific study until now had "investigated the veracity of these claims," QUB said, in findings published on Tuesday in the journal MDPI Animals.

Powell's team's findings could help develop a "potentially life-saving early warning system" for the world's 65 million people who live with epilepsy, around 30% of whom "cannot control their seizures by medication."

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Powell and team exposed 19 pet dogs "with no experience of epilepsy" to smells "characteristic of three seizure phases" derived from the sweat of epilepsy sufferers.

Depending on the breed, a dog's sense of smell has been put at anything from 10,000 to 100,000 times more powerful than what the human nose can sniff out.

Neil Powell of QUB's School of Biological Sciences said the "extraordinary sense of smell of dogs" offers "a reliable source to detect an on-set seizure."

With "no reliable and simple early warning" available, as things stand, people affected by such "unstable epilepsy" live in fear of injury or sudden death, as well as "the negative impact of social stigmatization," the researchers said.

Peter Murphy, CEO of Epilepsy Ireland, said finding a reliable seizure prediction method is "the holy grail for many people living with epilepsy."

Cover photo: 123RF/ thesupe87

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