Washington DC - Officials in Rhode Island have denounced misinformation that they said complicated their multiday search for the gunman who killed two students and wounded others at Brown University.

Law enforcement identified the suspect as Claudio Neves Valente (48), a Portuguese national who attended the Ivy League institution decades ago. They said he acted alone and was found dead from a self-inflicted gunshot wound in a New Hampshire storage unit.

But throughout the week, anonymous and right-wing accounts on X flooded the platform with unfounded posts claiming the shooter was a Palestinian enrolled at the school, a narrative that exploded further as university webpages mentioning the student were seemingly removed.

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"Criminal investigations are grounded in evidence, not speculation or online commentary," Colonel Darnell Weaver, superintendent of the Rhode Island State Police, said at the briefing announcing Neves Valente's identification late Thursday.

"The endless barrage of misinformation, disinformation, rumors, leaks, and clickbait were not helpful in this investigation. Distractions and unfounded criticisms do not support this work. They complicate it and threaten to undermine the justice we seek."

The claims began when an anonymous X account posted photos and videos on Monday of the student, Mustapha Kharbouch, beside footage police had released of the person of interest.

Within hours, Kharbouch's image and email were plastered across social media, prompting death and deportation threats as internet sleuths homed in on the individual's pro-Palestinian activism and compared their body and gait to the suspect.

Right-wing podcaster Tim Pool, billionaire Bill Ackman, and US Assistant Attorney General Harmeet Dhillon were among those who amplified the narrative.

"Bring him to swift American justice," said one widespread post Ackman shared, which alleged a cover-up and declared a "war with Islam."

Prior to Neves Valente's identification, a member of a local law enforcement agency involved in the investigation told AFP that Kharbouch had never been a person of interest.

Misinformation frequently follows shooting incidents, as information gaps allow false claims – often steered by biases – to proliferate unchecked.

As media reported the name of a military veteran initially detained and released, social media filled with his image – and a torrent of erroneous posts sharing photos of another man with the same name.

Officials tried to quiet the noise as the manhunt progressed – and also warned that AI-enhanced renderings of the visuals they were releasing could lead to more misidentifications.

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A Brown University statement, which a spokesman confirmed to AFP was about Kharbouch, condemned the "harmful doxxing activity" and described the steps to minimize the student's online presence as a "safety measure."

Rhode Island Attorney General Peter Neronha said the same day that "if that name meant anything to this investigation, we would be out looking for that person."

And Senator Sheldon Whitehouse pleaded during a hearing for social media users to "shut up with the speculation," saying the rumors could overwhelm tip lines.

The claims persisted anyway.

Brown University President Christina Paxon said the attack and aftermath had been "devastating" for those "targeted by online rumors and accusations."

With Neves Valente named, she said: "I hope that this development also means an end to this truly troubling activity."