Washington DC - US House Republican leader Kevin McCarthy fell short of the necessary number of Republican votes to succeed Nancy Pelosi as speaker in an initial roll call Tuesday, and appeared set to become the first majority party leader in a century to fail to secure the speakership on the first ballot.

The vote is a clear sign of the divisions in the Republican Party. It is also a potential blow to California.

Instead of handing off power and influence from a California Democrat in Pelosi to a California Republican in McCarthy, both leaders could be relegated to the back benches of Congress – one by choice and the other by force.

The House speaker election hasn’t required multiple ballots on a floor vote since 1923, when then-Rep. Frederick Gillett, a Republican of Massachusetts, was elected speaker on the ninth ballot.

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Tuesday’s divisions, however, weren’t a surprise. A small number of conservative Republicans had for weeks vowed to oppose McCarthy on the floor when the new Congress convened, even as he continued to negotiate with members and make concessions on rules changes.

What’s unclear is how the weeks-long stalemate between the majority of the House Republican Conference and the pocket of conservative antagonists will be resolved.

The chamber’s failure to elect a speaker on the first ballot would throw into chaos the beginning of a divided government in Washington, delaying the swearing-in of members of the House as well as votes on the rules that will govern the 118th Congress.

The splits within the GOP were evident even before the roll was called. Reps. Matt Gaetz of Florida, Bob Good of Virginia, and Andy Biggs of Arizona remained seated as most Republicans stood and applauded New York Rep. Elise Stefanik’s nominating speech for McCarthy.

Democrats, in contrast, were in complete unity as Rep. Pete Aguilar of California stood up to nominate Rep. Hakeem Jeffries of New York, who has little chance of becoming speaker in a House Republican majority. Rep. Paul Gosar of Arizona later nominated Biggs for speaker, to muted applause in the chamber.

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On the other side of the Capitol, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, a Republican of Kentucky, celebrated a historic feat of his own, delivering floor remarks to commemorate his new record as the longest-serving leader in the upper chamber.

Although Republicans lost the White House in 2020, the Senate in 2021, and a Senate seat in the 2022 midterms, McCarthy has guided House Republicans to gains in the previous two cycles.

The California Republican has traveled the country raising huge sums of money and tying himself closely to former President Donald Trump, who himself has been unable to persuade conservative members of the House to back McCarthy for speaker, a powerful post that would put him second in line to the presidency behind Vice President Kamala Harris.

House GOP candidates fell far short of expectations last cycle, leaving the party with a razor-thin 222-212 majority over Democrats until the late Rep. Donald McEachin, a Democrat of Virginia, is replaced in a special election later this year, likely by the Democratic nominee. Democratic leaders are already bullish on their prospects for taking back control of the chamber in 2024.

The chaos on the House floor only feeds into Democrats’ narrative that House Republicans are incapable of governing.

"The 118th Congress has yet to begin and Americans are already seeing how dysfunctional and disastrous GOP control of the House is going to be," Rep. Suzan DelBene of Washington, chair of the the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee – House Democrats’ campaign arm – said in a statement.

"While House Republicans fight one another in unprecedented ways, and Kevin McCarthy gives into the most extreme flanks of the Republican party in desperate plays for their support, Democrats are clear minded, unified and eager to get to work for the American people. No matter who becomes Speaker of the House or how many votes it takes, the contrast is clear and in two short years voters will reject this MAGA chaos and confusion."

Kevin McCarthy lost out in a second round of voting for House speakership after 19 members of his own party voted against him.

GOP opponents of the majority leader voted instead for Jim Jordan, even though Ohio congressman had spoken in favor of McCarthy and encouraged party members to vote for the California Republican.

The voting will now go to a third round.

Kevin McCarthy failed to secure the speakership again in the third round of voting. This time, 20 members of his own party cast their votes against him and for Ohio Rep. Jim Jordan, who supports McCarthy.

With 202 votes, McCarthy actually got fewer votes than Hakeem Jeffries, the Democratic leader in the lower chamber, who got 212.

The House adjourned on Tuesday without selecting a new speaker. The drama is expected to continue on Wednesday.